Paying for care in later life
Planning and paying for long-term care fees
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With the inevitable passing of time, we must all face the possibility that one day we or a loved one may need additional support and care, either at home or in a care home. Residential and nursing care is not free for everyone – how much you may have to pay will depend on your individual circumstances. On this page, we look at the different options for paying for care fees, including NHS and local authority funding and self-funding.
Increasingly, clients are asking us if they have enough capital and income not just to enjoy their retirement but to cope with the escalating costs of later life care. It’s important to have the right specialist advice, whether it’s to help navigate the issues of care costs and choosing a care home or understanding the legal issues around Wills, trusts and powers of attorney.
How care funding works
There are three options for funding the costs of long-term care. You may be eligible for funding from the NHS or your local authority. Otherwise, you will need to pay for care fees with your own assets. This is known as self-funding.
NHS-funded nursing care
In some cases, the NHS may fully fund the cost of care. This is called NHS Continuing Healthcare. The NHS will carry out an assessment under national guidelines to decide whether you are eligible for support.
If you aren’t eligible for fully funded care, you may receive support if you need nursing care and you are in a care home that offers it. This varies across different parts of the UK, so please contact your local authority for further information.
Local authority funding
If you don’t qualify for NHS support, your local authority will assess your care needs and your ability to fund them. The level of support you receive will depend on your level of capital:
- Below £14,250 in England and Northern Ireland (£18,500 in Scotland, £24,000 if you receive care in your own home or £50,000 if you receive care in a care home in Wales) – you will be entitled to the maximum funding for your care
- Between £14,250 and £23,250 in England and Northern Ireland (£18,500 and £29,750 in Scotland, partial support is not available in Wales) – your local authority will assess your finances and care needs to determine how much support you are entitled to, and may also help with your first 12 weeks of care costs
- Over £23,250 in England and Northern Ireland (£29,750 in Scotland, £24,000 if you receive care in your own home or £50,000 if you receive care in a care home in Wales) – your local authority will not offer financial support, and you must fund your own care home fees
Needs assessment for local authority funding
Your local authority should carry out a care needs assessment to find out how much help and support you require. They will ask you questions about how much difficulty you have with everyday activities, such as washing and dressing, to create a care plan.
Assessing your capital for local authority funding
Local authorities will look at your overall financial situation to determine how much support you could receive. They will carry out a means test on your capital – such as savings, investments and property – and your regular income.
Care cap
From October 2025, it is proposed that the threshold for receiving financial support from your local authority to cover the cost of care will rise from £23,250 to £100,000. The lower limit will be raised from £14,250 to £20,000.
A lifetime cap on care costs of £86,000 will also be introduced. It’s important to bear in mind that the cap will only apply to the actual cost of the personal care element of an individual’s care, not accommodation costs. The majority of people will therefore pay substantially more than £86,000 overall.
The cap will also only apply to ‘eligible needs’, as local authority funding currently does. This means not all care costs incurred will count towards the £86,000 - only those your local authority has assessed. Also, the amount of personal care funding contributions which count towards the cap will only be the notional level of what a local authority would have paid.
Please note, the care cap does not apply to Scotland.
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How your home is assessed
If you own your home, it could be included as an asset during your means test, unless:
- Your spouse, partner or civil partner still lives in the property
- A relative aged 60 or over lives in the property
- An incapacitated or disabled relative lives in the property
- A child of yours under age 18 lives in the property
- You are in the first 12 weeks of needing permanent care
- Your care is being provided on a temporary basis
For jointly owned property, the local authority will calculate its present sale value. The proceeds you would receive if you sold your part of the property would then be included when your capital is assessed.
You may also qualify for a deferred payment scheme. If most of your money is tied up in your home, your local authority will help to pay your fees and you can repay them when your home is eventually sold.
How to pay for self-funded care
Using your income
You can pay for your care home fees using income from a number of different sources, including:
- Pension income
- An annuity
- Rental properties
- Investments
Using your other assets
Another option is to draw on your personal assets to pay for your care home fees. These could include:
- Savings such as ISAs, National Savings Certificates or savings bonds
- Shares and other investments
- Property*
- Long-term care annuities, specifically designed for self-funded care
Long-term care annuities
Long-term care annuities pay out a regular income in exchange for a one-off lump sum payment. The exact amount you pay will depend on your health, age and amount of income needed. Only specialists can provide advice on long-term care annuities, and they can only be purchased through an adviser, so it pays to speak to an expert if you would like the security of a fixed income for life.
Frequently asked questions about paying for care
How is income assessed?
Your local authority will take into account your regular income, including any pension payments and benefits. Only your personal income is included and they will not look at income belonging to your husband, wife, civil partner, partner or other family members.
What gets disregarded in a means test?
Your local authority will disregard a number of other assets or income sources when calculating your capital. Some of these include:
- Personal possessions
- Disability Living Allowance
- Interest from savings
- War Widows’ special payments
- Child Tax Credit
- Guardian’s Allowance
- Charitable payments
What happens if I’m not eligible for NHS or local authority funding?
If you aren’t eligible for NHS or local authority care home funding, you will need to pay the fees yourself. This is called self-funding. The average cost of annual residential care home fees is now more than £48,000 but this doesn’t take into account the additional specialist care that those with dementia may need**. You have several different options for paying these fees – you can use personal capital, income or a combination of both.
Do I have enough money to pay for care?
If you are planning to pay for your own care home fees, it is important to speak to an expert to make sure you have enough money. They will take into account your complete financial situation and use cashflow modelling to forecast your future finances to see how long your money could last.
What happens if I run out of money?
If you no longer have enough money to fund your care, you will need to be reassessed by your local authority. If your capital drops below the maximum threshold you may start to receive State funding. It can take time for new funding arrangements to be set up, so you or your loved ones should contact your local authority a few months before your assets are likely to dip below this amount to ensure a smooth transition from self-funding to local authority funding.
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* If your home is your only capital asset and you don’t have enough income to fund your care fees, you should contact your local authority to discuss deferred payment or home loan arrangements until the property is sold.
** Source: Knight Frank, Care Homes Trading Performance Review, 2020
This information is for UK residents only.
If you are a US-connected client of Evelyn Partners, see our US website.